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2513144 
Book/Book Chapter 
Synergistic effects of a combined exposure to herbicides and an insecticide in Hyla versicolor 
Mazanti, L; Sparling, DW; Rice, C; Bialek, K; Stevenson, C; Teels, B 
2003 
ASTM International 
Conshohocken, PA 
Multiple stressor effects in relation to declining amphibian populations 
111-129 
English 
WOS:000183141100007 
is a chapter of 8151834 Multiple stressor effects in relation to declining amphibian populations
Combinations of the herbicides atrazine and metolachlor and the insecticide chlorpyrifos were tested under both laboratory and field conditions to determine their individual and combined effects on amphibian populations. In the lab Hyla versicolor tadpoles experienced 100% mortality when exposed to a high combination of the pesticides (2.0 mg/L atrazine, 2.54 mg/L metolachlor, 1.0 mg/L chlorpyrifos) whereas low concentrations of the pesticides (0.2 mg/L atrazine, 0.25 mg/L metolachlor, 0.1 mg/L chlorpyrifos) or high concentrations of either herbicides or insecticide alone caused lethargy, reduced growth and delayed metamorphosis but no significant mortality. In the field high herbicide, low insecticide and low herbicide, low insecticide mixtures significantly reduced amphibian populations compared to controls but in the low herbicide, low insecticide wetlands amphibian populations were able to recover through recruitment by the end of the season. 
chlorpyrifos; atrazine; metolachlor; Hyla versicolor; amphibians; pesticide interaction 
Linder, G; Krest, S; Sparling, D; Little, E 
American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publication no. 1443 
9780803134645 
Symposium on Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations 
Pittsburgh, PA 
April 16-17, 2002