Concentrations and source contributions of particulate organic matter before and after implementation of a low emission zone in Munich, Germany | Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)

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Citation
Tags

HERO ID

2555248

Reference Type

Journal Article

Title

Concentrations and source contributions of particulate organic matter before and after implementation of a low emission zone in Munich, Germany

Author(s)

Qadir, RM; Abbaszade, G; Schnelle-Kreis, J; Chow, JC; Zimmermann, R

Year

2013

Is Peer Reviewed?

Yes

Journal

Environmental Pollution
ISSN: 0269-7491
EISSN: 1873-6424

Volume

175

Page Numbers

158-167

Language

English

PMID

23391687

DOI

10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.002

Web of Science Id

WOS:000316517200021

Abstract

Within the Munich low emission zone (LEZ), samples of PM(2.5) were collected before (2006/2007) and after (2009/2010) the implementation of the LEZ. The samples were analyzed for carbon fraction (EC/OC) and particulate organic compounds (POC). Significant lower concentrations were noticed for elemental carbon (EC) and some of the POC like vanillic acid, acetosyringone, syringylacetone and syringic acid after the implementation of the LEZ. Higher concentrations of levoglucosan, retene and O-PAH were detected in the second sampling period. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify the main sources of POC. Emissions from traffic, solid fuels combustion, cooking and mixed source were separated. The contribution of traffic source factor was decreased about 60% after the implementation of the LEZ. Thus the average concentration of EC from traffic factor decreased from 1.1 to 0.5 μg/m(3) after the implementation of the LEZ.

Keywords

Low emission zone; PM2.5; Particulate organic compounds (POC); Positive matrix factorization (PMF)