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2581259 
Journal Article 
Cyclone selection influences protein damage during drying in a mini spray-dryer 
Bögelein, J; Lee, G 
2010 
Yes 
International Journal of Pharmaceutics
ISSN: 0378-5173
EISSN: 1873-3476 
401 
1-2 
68-71 
English 
20887779 
WOS:000285222700010 
The use of a small-dimensioned cyclone separator to spray-dry an aqueous solution of lysozyme on a mini spray-dryer produces consistently higher protein inactivation at all drying-air outlet temperatures examined between 50°C and 105°C. Differences in drying air flow rate through the machines will influence droplet/particle residence times within the drying chamber, but these are considered too small to explain the result. It appears more likely that a higher separation and retention of fines within the small cyclone causes higher measured protein inactivation. By virtue of their small size the fines have a greater specific surface area and suffer therefore a greater degree of protein damage when passing through the spray dryer from nozzle to collecting vessel. Although the dry powder yield is higher with the small-dimensioned cyclone than that obtained with the standard cyclone, the profile of residual moisture versus T(outlet) is irregular in shape. A possible lack of equilibrium between the attributes of the protein particles and the exhaust air needs therefore to be considered. 
Protein; Spray-drying; Cyclone; Inactivation