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2657388 
Journal Article 
High temperature gas filtration with ceramic candles and ashes characterisation during steam-oxygen blown gasification of biomass 
Simeone, E; Siedlecki, M; Nacken, M; Heidenreich, S; de Jong, W 
2013 
1 
Fuel
ISSN: 0016-2361
EISSN: 1873-7153 
108 
99-111 
English 
WOS:000317565100015 
Two functionalized polypyrrole films, poly(11-N-pyrrolylundecanoic) acid and poly(N-undecylpyrrole), were used as sensitive layers for pH sensors. The functionalized pyrrole monomers were first synthesized before carrying out their electropolymerization onto non-oxidizable electrodes. The deposits were characterized by SEM imaging, XPS and PM-IRRAS to study surface structure and composition. Poly(11-N-pyrrolylundecanoic) acid coating yielded very promising results as sensitive layer in pH sensors. Indeed, the potentiometric responses from pH 4.0 to 9.0 appeared linear, reversible, stable in time over a period of 1 month and highly selective for H(+) ions. This behavior was attributed to carboxylic acid groups which are sensitive to proton concentration changes. This was confirmed by the fact that poly(N-undecylpyrrole) film led to potentiometric responses being pH dependent only from pH 6.0 to 9.0 with low sensitivity. Poly(11-N-pyrrolylundecanoic) acid is thus promoted to be used as sensitive layer in pH sensors. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 
Ceramic candles; High temperatures; Filter cake; Ashes; Biomass