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2732239 
Journal Article 
Identification of 9-Cis-retinoic acid, 9,13-di-cis-retinoic acid, and 14-hydroxy-4,14-retro-retinol in human plasma after liver consumption 
Arnhold, T; Tzimas, G; Wittfoht, W; Plonait, S; Nau, H 
1996 
1 
Life Sciences
ISSN: 0024-3205
EISSN: 1879-0631 
BIOSIS/96/30180 
59 
12 
English 
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Vitamin A is a well-established teratogen in several animal species. Case reports as well as a recent epidemiological study suggest that vitamin A intake in excess of 25,000 or 10,000 IU respectively, can result in retinoid-specific defects in the offspring. A single meal of liver contains, on the average, a 10- to 20-fold higher amount of vitamin A than what is already suspected to be teratogenic. To evaluate the risk of liver consumption during pregnancy, we have studied levels of vitamin A and a number of potentially active retinoid metabolites in plasma of ten healthy male volunteers following consumption of fried turkey liver (2 g raw weight/kg body weight). HPLC, UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry were used for identification and quantitation of retinoids in plasma. As shown previously, vitamin A intake via liver consumption resulted in greatly increased plasma levels of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-PA) and 13-cis-4-oxo-RA, and low levels of all-trans-RA and a