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2815068 
Technical Report 
Effect of anti-flocculants on suspension stability and size distribution: investigation by laser light scattering techniques 
Muller, BW; Lucks, JS; Stampa, B; Muller, RH 
1990 
IPA/91/938171 
Ind 
REF 21 
789-793 
IPA COPYRIGHT: ASHP A study of the effects of the anti-flocculants sodium citrate (I) and diphosphate (pyrophosphate; II) on the stability of a titanium dioxide (titanium oxide), calcium carbonate and zinc oxide suspension was conducted using laser light scattering. Addition of I to the suspensions led to distinct zeta potential increases. Maximum potentials were observed at an anti-flocculant concentration of 10-2-10-3, which is above the concentration recommended in the DIN-Norm 51033. The charge increase leads to increased repulsion of the particles and subsequently to the removal of particle aggregates. The optimum concentrations of anti-flocculant depend on the type of anti-flocculant and the nature of the suspended material. The maximum charge increase achieved depended on the adsorption plateau of the anti-flocculant on the particular suspended material. It was concluded that anti-flocculants lead to an effective removal of particle aggregates; however, the ideal concentration must be determined for each anti-flocculant and suspended material.