Jump to main content
US EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Search
Search
Main menu
Environmental Topics
Laws & Regulations
About EPA
Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)
Contact Us
Print
Feedback
Export to File
Search:
This record has one attached file:
Add More Files
Attach File(s):
Display Name for File*:
Save
Citation
Tags
HERO ID
2849993
Reference Type
Book/Book Chapter
Title
Chapter 76 - Toxicologic pathology of the reproductive system
Author(s)
Wanigikar, P; Ahmed, T; Vangala, S
Year
2011
Publisher
Academic Press
Location
San Diego, CA
Book Title
Reproductive and developmental toxicology
Page Numbers
1003-1026
Language
English
DOI
10.1016/B978-0-12-382032-7.10076-1
Relationship(s)
is a chapter of
2849992
Reproductive and developmental toxicology
Abstract
Summary
The adverse effects of a variety of environmental agents including environmental pollutants, drugs, cosmetics, agro-chemicals and pathogens on male and female reproductive systems are considered to be the major cause of infertility. The only assessment of male and female reproductive organs performed prior to the first administration of a novel pharmaceutical to humans is histopathological examination of sex organs in repeated dose toxicity studies in rodents and non-rodents. However, toxicity to the female reproductive system during pregnancy can result in teratogenicity with major deformities in organs in the offspring.
This chapter gives an overview of potential mechanisms, evaluation of endpoints of toxicity and induced histopathological lesions of male and female reproductive systems in laboratory animals along with toxicokinetics. This review also describes regulatory and non-regulatory studies that need to be carried out during drug development. Some examples of toxicants affecting reproductive and developmental systems are also provided. Current state-of-the-art understanding of the molecular mechanisms of teratogenesis with thalidomide as an example is also discussed. In conclusion, meticulous use of different methods of pathology can generate sufficient information for evaluation of the reproductive system during repeated dose toxicity and help to develop safer drugs for humans.
Edition
1st
Editor(s)
Gupta, RC
ISBN
9780123820327
Home
Learn about HERO
Using HERO
Search HERO
Projects in HERO
Risk Assessment
Transparency & Integrity