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2861961 
Journal Article 
Astaxanthin diferulate as a bifunctional antioxidant 
Papa, TB; Pinho, VD; Do Nascimento, ES; Santos, WG; Burtoloso, AC; Skibsted, LH; Cardoso, DR 
2015 
Yes 
Free Radical Research
ISSN: 1071-5762
EISSN: 1029-2470 
49 
1 
102-111 
English 
25363553 
WOS:000346174200012 
Astaxanthin when esterified with ferulic acid is better singlet oxygen quencher with k2 = (1.58 ± 0.1) 10(10) L mol(-1)s(-1) in ethanol at 25°C compared with astaxanthin with k2 = (1.12 ± 0.01) 10(9) L mol(-1)s(-1). The ferulate moiety in the astaxanthin diester is a better radical scavenger than free ferulic acid as seen from the rate constant of scavenging of 1-hydroxyethyl radicals in ethanol at 25°C with a second-order rate constant of (1.68 ± 0.1) 10(8) L mol(-1)s(-1) compared with (1.60 ± 0.03) 10(7) L mol(-1)s(-1) for the astaxanthin:ferulic acid mixture, 1:2 equivalents. The mutual enhancement of antioxidant activity for the newly synthetized astaxanthin diferulate becoming a bifunctional antioxidant is rationalized according to a two-dimensional classification plot for electron donation and electron acceptance capability. 
carotenoid; plant phenol; antioxidant; antiradical; astaxanthin