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2886657 
Journal Article 
Synthesis of TRITON (TM) X-based phosphate ester surfactants and their self-charring behavior 
Kwon, T; Lee, E; Lee, SM; Bae, J 
2007 
1 
Polymer Degradation and Stability
ISSN: 0141-3910 
92 
8 
1546-1554 
WOS:000249234300015 
This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of TRITON (TM) X-based surfactants with a predominantly alkyl phenol ethoxylate (APE) backbone and a phosphate ester chain end. Four phosphate-terminated TRITON (TM) X (or APE) derivatives (OPE2-OPO(OH)2, OPE5-OPO(OH)(2), OPE I O-OPO(OH)(2), and NPE10-OPO(OH)(2)) were prepared from commercially available octyl phenol ethoxylate (OPE) of different oxyethylene units (n = 2, 5 and 10), nonyl phenol ethoxylate (NPE) of 10 oxyethylene units and phosphorous pentoxide via a simple condensation reaction. Depending on their composition and chain length of oxyethylene units used in the reaction, the surfactants show different self-charring behaviors. The phosphate-terminated TRITON (TM) X of the lowest number of oxyethylene units (i.e. OPE2-OPO(OH)2) gives the largest amount of char (up to 23 wt%) at 600 degrees C under air condition. The carboxylic acid-terminated TRITON (TM) X derivatives (i.e. OPE-COOH) were also tested for comparison. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 
TRITON (TM) X; surfactant; phosphate ester; self-charring