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HERO ID
2907276
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Liquefaction of cellulose in the presence of phenol using p-toluene sulfonic acid as a catalyst
Author(s)
Mun, SP; Jang, JP
Year
2009
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
ISSN:
1226-086X
Publisher
Elsevier
Volume
15
Issue
5
Page Numbers
743-747
DOI
10.1016/j.jiec.2009.09.056
Web of Science Id
WOS:000273458800027
URL
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1226086X09002354
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Abstract
The kinetics of p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA)-catalyzed cellulose liquefaction in the presence of phenol were investigated at 130,140 and 150 degrees C. The resulting liquefied products were also analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of PTSA as a catalyst during the phenol liquefaction. The liquefaction rate of PTSA was slightly lower than that of sulfuric acid (SA), which was used as a reference catalyst, at each liquefaction temperature. The activation energies of the PTSA and SA catalysts during the phenol liquefaction of cellulose calculated using the Arrhenius equation were 34.5 and 35.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The chemical compositions of the ether extracts in the liquefied products were very similar to both catalysts. Methylene bisphenol and its isomers, which were the primary components in the ether extracts, comprise approximately 30% of the ether extract. The GPC curves of the 80% dioxane-soluble part of the liquefied product indicated that it consists of a remarkable amount of phenol-based trimers to hexomers. The average molecular weight and the polydispersity of the liquefied products were very similar after liquefaction using both catalysts; therefore, differences in the products produced using both catalysts used were not recognized. However the level of combined phenol in the liquefied product produced using the PTSA catalyst was approximately 50% lower than that of the SA catalyst. Although it is believed that this difference may cause retardation of the rate of liquefaction, further experiments are necessary to explain differences in the effectiveness of organic sulfonic acid catalysts during the phenol liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass. (C) 2009 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords
p-Toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA); Sulfuric acid (SA); Cellulose; Phenol; Liquefaction; Combined phenol; Organic sulfonic acids
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OPPT REs
•
OPPT_1,4-Dioxane_C. Engineering
Data screening total
Screening: Excluded
•
OPPT_1,4-Dioxane_D. Exposure
Total – title/abstract screening
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OPPT_1,4-Dioxane_E. Fate
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