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2960321 
Journal Article 
Effects of Gases and Particles in Welding and Soldering 
Sjogren, B 
1994 
1 
Occupational Medicine
ISSN: 0962-7480
EISSN: 1471-8405 
NIOSH/00228362 
Third Edition 
917-925 
A review was undertaken of the health hazards associated with the gas and metallic particle exposure common to the many techniques used in welding, soldering and brazing. The processes and materials used in such metal joining methods as gas, shielded metal arc, plasma arc, and submerged arc welding can generate varying levels of ozone (10028156), silicon-tetrafluoride (7783611), cadmium-oxide (1306190), carbon-monoxide (630080) and other air contaminants. Occupational disorders associated with welding exposures include rhinitis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic emphysema, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis and metal fume fever. Studies have shown that incidences of nervous system symptoms, facial dermatitis, urticaria, lung cancer and reduced sperm quality are elevated among welders. Female welders in Finland have been found to have a slightly higher frequency of miscarriages. No significant association between chronic kidney disease and welding has been found, though it is known that prolonged exposure to cadmium-oxide can result in damage to kidney tubules.