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2968303 
Journal Article 
Review 
Molecular processes that drive cigarette smoke-induced epithelial cell fate of the lung 
Nyunoya, T; Mebratu, Y; Contreras, A; Delgado, M; Chand, HS; Tesfaigzi, Y 
2014 
Yes 
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
ISSN: 1044-1549
EISSN: 1535-4989 
50 
3 
471-482 
English 
24111585 
Cigarette smoke contains numerous chemical compounds, including abundant reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and aldehydes, and many other carcinogens. Long-term cigarette smoking significantly increases the risk of various lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, and contributes to premature death. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have elucidated mechanisms involved in cigarette smoke-induced inflammation, DNA damage, and autophagy, and the subsequent cell fates, including cell death, cellular senescence, and transformation. In this Translational Review, we summarize the known pathways underlying these processes in airway epithelial cells to help reveal future challenges and describe possible directions of research that could lead to better management and treatment of these diseases.