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3008314 
Journal Article 
Plant Growth Suitable Nutritive Red Mud Composite Materials from the Romanian Dry Landfilled Red Mud II. Formulation nutritive composite materials and plant growth tests at laboratory and glasshouse scale 
Lacatusu, R; Kiselev, A; Stroe, VM; Rizea, N; Lungu, M; Lazar, R; Stanciu-Burileanu, MM; Calciu, I; Popa, RG; Filipescu, L 
2014 
1 
Revista de Chimie
ISSN: 0034-7752
EISSN: 2668-8212 
65 
11 
1294-1305 
WOS:000345946300010 
According the red mud chemical and agrochemical properties evaluated in the previous paper, there were set up two experiments concerning individual types of nutritive red mud composite formulations. Adjuvant materials selected for deep changes in the basic red mud agrochemical properties were: phosphogypsum (PG), sludge from urban biological waste water treatment factories (SWBT), sludge from water softening stage in chemical plants (SWCT), organic compost (OC), marine algae debris (MA), wood sawdust (WS), acidic peat (AP) and acidic soil (AaS) from Albota region, Romania. Agrochemical analysis of the adjuvant materials and the first type of nutritive red mud composite materials has shown that adjuvant materials themselves and all formulated composites are conveying a large dowry of mineral salts with neutral (PC, OC and M4), and alkaline (SWBT and SWCT) reaction, containing macro, mezzo and micronutrients at variable concentrations. Satisfactory concentrations of organic carbon have been carried in by SWBT (17%), OC (92%) and MA (1-8 %) and most all the adjuvant materials and more than that, enough buffering capacity and nutritive ionic species to sustain the crops growth. In the first type of red mud composite material, theoretical expected changes might accomplish a real conversion of the red mud into a nutritive composite material. But, soluble salts contents ranging from 1.874 to 2.888 mg/100g composite mixture, with dominant molecular species sodium carbonate did lead to rather infertile composite formulations. The second type of red mud composite materials SWBT and MA were replaced by the rich carbon and high power buffering materials as WS, AP and AaS and the ratios adjuvant materialsIRM were increased to 700/1000 - 900/1000. Study of Triticum durum response to this new type of red mud composite has shown a real emerging fertility in these materials and sustainability in plants crop growth. This was an encouraging step toward better balanced formulations. 
red mud; composite materials; agrochemical properties; plant growth; Triticum durum