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3014385 
Journal Article 
Review 
Challenges in the determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics, a review 
Farouk, F; Azzazy, HME; Niessen, WMA 
2015 
Yes 
Analytica Chimica Acta
ISSN: 0003-2670
EISSN: 1873-4324 
890 
21-43 
English 
26347166 
WOS:000360646100003 
Residues of antibiotics (ABs) in the aquatic environment and in food of animal origin represent a major concern, as prolonged exposure to ABs is a serious health hazard, related to both the side effects of prolonged use and the risk of developing bacterial resistance to various ABs. Given the low levels of the AB residues in complex matrices, the development of sensitive analytical methods represents a major challenge. This is certainly true for the aminoglycoside ABs (AGs) which lack a chromophore and show poor chromatographic properties in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. This paper reviews the current state of the art in the determination of AGs. Attention is paid to extraction, sample clean-up, chromatographic separation, and detection of AGs in both environmental and food samples and in plasma and serum. A general workflow for the analysis of AGs is presented which takes into account the matrix and required level of information. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 
Antibiotic residue; Residue analysis; Aminoglycosides; Food contamination; Water contamination; Therapeutic drug monitoring