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3021746 
Journal Article 
High performance hybrid reinforcement of nitrile rubber using short pineapple leaf fiber and carbon black 
Prukkaewkanjana, K; Thanawan, S; Amornsakchai, T 
2015 
1 
Polymer Testing
ISSN: 0142-9418
EISSN: 1873-2348 
45 
76-82 
WOS:000359172100011 
Rubber composites with very high moduli at low elongation, high elongation at break and high ultimate breaking strength have been developed. The matrix was acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and the hybrid (fibrous and particulate) reinforcements were short, fine pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and carbon black. The amount of PALF was fixed at 10 parts (by weight) per hundred of rubber (phr) while that of carbon black was varied from 0 to 30 phr. Uniaxial NBR composites were prepared. Tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus and tear strength of the hybrid composites were characterized in both longitudinal (parallel to the fiber axis) and transverse (perpendicular to the fiber axis) directions. The addition of carbon black causes the slope of the early part of the stress-strain curve to increase and also extends breaking to greater strains. At carbon black contents of 20 phr and above, the stress strain relation displays an upturn at high elongations, providing greater ultimate strength. Comparison with the usual carbon black filled rubber shows that the composite behavior at low strains is determined by the PALF, and at high strains by the carbon black. This high performance PALF-carbon black reinforced NBR shows great promise for engineering applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 
Pineapple leaf fiber; Carbon black; Nitrile rubber; Rubber composite; Hybrid composite