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3031328 
Journal Article 
The immunology of asthma 
Lambrecht, BN; Hammad, H 
2015 
1 
Nature Immunology
ISSN: 1529-2908
EISSN: 1529-2916 
16 
1 
45-56 
English 
25521684 
WOS:000346494200008 
Asthma is a common disease that affects 300 million people worldwide. Given the large number of eosinophils in the airways of people with mild asthma, and verified by data from murine models, asthma was long considered the hallmark T helper type 2 (TH2) disease of the airways. It is now known that some asthmatic inflammation is neutrophilic, controlled by the TH17 subset of helper T cells, and that some eosinophilic inflammation is controlled by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 cells) acting together with basophils. Here we discuss results from in-depth molecular studies of mouse models in light of the results from the first clinical trials targeting key cytokines in humans and describe the extraordinary heterogeneity of asthma.