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3112200 
Journal Article 
Plants, Mycorrhizal Fungi, and Bacteria: A Network of Interactions 
Bonfante, P; Anca, IA 
2009 
Yes 
Annual Review of Microbiology
ISSN: 0066-4227
EISSN: 1545-3251 
Annual Review of Microbiology 
63 
363-383 
WOS:000270910300018 
This review focuses on interactions among plants, mycorrhizal fungi, and bacteria, testing the hypothesis whether mycorrhizas can be defined as tripartite associations. After summarizing the main biological features of mycorrhizas, we illustrate the different types of interaction occurring between mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria, from loosely, associated microbes to endobacteria. We then discuss, in the context of nutritional strategies, the mechanisms that operate among members of the consortium and that often promote plant growth. Release of active molecules, including volatiles, and physical contact among the partners seem important for the establishment of the bacteria/mycorrhizal fungus/plant network. The potential involvement of quorum sensing and Type III secretion systems is discussed, even if the exact nature of the complex interspecies/interphyllum interactions remains unclear. 
mycorrhizas; symbiosis; mycorrhizosphere; associated bacteria; endobacteria; genome projects