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3236533 
Journal Article 
Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome 
Roberts, CK; Sindhu, KK 
2009 
1 
Life Sciences
ISSN: 0024-3205
EISSN: 1879-0631 
84 
21-22 
705-712 
WOS:000266281600001 
Metabolic syndrome is a collection of cardiometabolic risk
factors that includes obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Although there
has been significant debate regarding the criteria and concept of the syndrome, this clustering
of risk factors is unequivocally linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and
cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome is often characterized by oxidative stress, a
condition in which an imbalance results between the production and inactivation of reactive
oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species can best be described as double-edged swords; while they
play an essential role in multiple physiological systems, under conditions of oxidative stress,
they contribute to cellular dysfunction. Oxidative stress is thought to play a major role in the
pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension,
aging, Alzheimer's disease, kidney disease and cancer. The purpose of this review is to discuss
the role of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome and its major clinical manifestations (namely
coronary artery disease, hypertension and diabetes). It will also highlight the effects of
lifestyle modification in ameliorating oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Discussion will be
limited to human data. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 
Cardiovascular disease; Hypertension; Diabetes; Free radical; Antioxidant; Diet; Exercise