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329584 
Book/Book Chapter 
Development of the lead-free carbon brush material for starters : Recent Development of Electro-Mechanical Devices 
Honro, R; Sawa, K; Murakami, Y; Wakabayashi, H; Inayoshi, N; Inukai, K; Shimoyama, T; Morita, N 
2005 
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 
88 
1675-1681 
Carbon brushes for starters are used under severe conditions of high electric current density, high contact pressure and high, sliding velocity. Lead has traditionally been added to carbon brushes to improve their performance and durability. Because lead is an environmentally hazardous substance, after January 2005 the EU will prohibit adding lead to carbon brushes for electric motors installed in vehicles. The purpose of our current study is to develop materials of leas carton brushes for Starters. Analyzing the effects of adding lead has shown that lead inhibits the brush resistance from increasing under high temperatures, or a combination of both high temperature and high humidity. This is because corrosion of lead precedes that of copper. which is one of the materials comprising the brush, and this prevents the copper from corroding, Moreover, lead functions as a solid lubricant and reduces brush wear, We developed the lead-free brush material, by adding soft metallic substances that corrode prior to copper and are also oxidation-resistant, as well as possessing low hardness and solid lubricant properties. The developed lead-free brush surpasses the conventional lead-added brush in durability and permanence. (English) 
carbon brush; lead free; Starter wear; corrosion; Fiabilité; Matériau doux; Usure; Lubrifiant solide; Humidité; Haute température; Véhicule à moteur; Moteur électrique; Durabilité; Evaluation performance; Assemblage mécanique; Contrainte contact; Courant intense; Densité élevée; Démarreur; Contact balai; Matériau sans plomb; Reliability; Soft material; Wear; Solid lubricant; Humidity; High temperature; Motor vehicle; Electric motor; Durability; Performance evaluation; Mechanical joint; Contact stress; High strength current; High density; Starter; Brushes; Lead free material; Fiabilidad; Material dulce; Desgaste; Lubrificante sólido; Corrosión; Humedad; Alta temperatura; Vehículo de motor; Motor eléctrico; Durabilidad; Evaluación prestación; Ensamblaje mecánico; Tensión contacto; Corriente intensa; Densidad elevada; Motor arranque 
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