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3442398 
Journal Article 
Thirty four years of nitrogen fertilization decreases fungal diversity and alters fungal community composition in black soil in northeast China 
Zhou, J; Jiang, Xin; Zhou, B; Zhao, B; Ma, M; Guan, D; Li, Jun; Chen, S; Cao, F; Shen, D; Qin, Jie 
2016 
1 
Soil Biology and Biochemistry
ISSN: 0038-0717
EISSN: 1879-3428 
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD 
OXFORD 
95 
135-143 
WOS:000371561000015 
Black soil is one of the main soil types in northeast China, and plays an important role in Chinese crop production. However, nitrogen inputs over 50 years have led to reduced black soil fertility. It is unclear how N affects the fungal community in this soil type, so a long-term fertilizer experiment was begun in 1980 and we applied 454 pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR to targeted fungal ITS genes. There were five treatments: control (no fertilizer), N-1 (low nitrogen fertilizer), N-2 (high nitrogen fertilizer), N1P1 (low nitrogen plus low phosphorus fertilizers) and N2P2 (high nitrogen plus high phosphorus fertilizers). Soil nutrient concentrations (Total N, Avail N, NO3-, NH4+, etc.) and ITS gene copy numbers increased, whereas soil pH and fungal diversity decreased in all the fertilized treatments. Relationships between soil parameters and fungal communities were evaluated. Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Agaricomycetes were the most abundant classes in all soils. Principal coordinates analysis showed that the fungal communities in the control and lower-fertilizer treatments clustered closely and were separated from communities where more concentrated fertilizers were used. Fungal diversity and ITS gene copy number were dependent on soil pH. Our findings suggested that long-term nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer regimes reduced fungal biodiversity and changed community composition. The influence of the more concentrated fertilizer treatments was greater than the lower concentrations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 
Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization; Fungal diversity; Fungal community composition; 454 pyrosequencing 
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