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3612811 
Journal Article 
Detoxification of chlorella supplement on heterocyclic amines in Korean young adults 
Lee, I; Tran, M; Evans-Nguyen, T; Stickle, D; Kim, S; Han, J; Park, JY; Yang, M 
2015 
Yes 
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
ISSN: 1382-6689
EISSN: 1872-7077 
Elsevier B.V. 
AMSTERDAM 
39 
1 
441-446 
English 
25590673 
WOS:000350187900047 
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been established as carcinogenic chemicals in Western diet. This study was performed to estimate HCA exposure levels in Korean daily life and to assess the ability of Chlorella vulgaris to detoxify carcinogenic HCAs in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with chlorella supplement (N=6, all females, age: 27.17±7.73yr) for 2 weeks. We analyzed HCAs in hydrolyzed urine specimens using LC/TOF-MS. As results, urinary levels of MeIQx, PhIP, and IQx-8-COOH were 323.36±220.11ng/L, 351.59±254.93ng/L, and 130.85±83.22ng/L, respectively. Effects of chlorella to reduce urinary MeIQx were marginally significant (before, 430±226.86pg/mL vs. after, 174.45±101.65pg/mL: 0.05<p<0.1). However, urinary levels of PhIP or IQx-8-COOH, a major metabolite of MeIQx, were not changed by chlorella supplementation. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that current daily levels of HCA exposure in Korean young adults are not lower than those in the Western world. In addition, the effects of chlorella's to detoxify HCAs likely occur by interfering e with absorption or metabolism. 
Chemoprevention; Chlorella; Heterocyclic amines; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Urine