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3699866 
Journal Article 
MANGANESE CARBONATE-ZINC GLYCEROLATE. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION AS CATALYST FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION OF SOYBEAN OIL 
Zhu, X; Liu, Hui; Skala, D 
2016 
Yes 
Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly
ISSN: 1451-9372 
22 
4 
431-443 
WOS:000392923800009 
In this study, a mixed system containing manganese carbonate (MnCO3) and zinc glycerolate (ZnGly) was synthesized, and tested as a solid catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil and biodiesel production. The samples of MnCO3/ZnGly before and after usage for transesterification were characterized using different techniques: determination of basic strength, determination of specific surface area according to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), measuring the mass change using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), investigating the solid phase content and presence of different specific elements and groups by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The effects of different working parameters of transesterification were also investigated: temperature (438-458K), duration of transesterification (0-3.5 h), methanol to oil molar ratio (12:1-36.1) and used amounts of catalyst (15 mass %). The reusability and stability of MnCO3/ZnGly were analyzed and obtained results showed that MnCO3/ZnGly exhibited a good activity with 100% TG conversion and 81.5% FAME yield with fresh catalyst, and can give 95-100% TG conversion and 62-78% FAME yield after 13 repeated uses of the same amount of catalyst without regeneration processes. The contents of Mn and Zn biodiesel and glycerol were analyzed by ICP-AAS after each reuse of catalyst. 
manganese carbonate-zinc glycerolate; biodiesel; reusability; stability