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3988255 
Journal Article 
Review 
Thallium toxicity in humans 
Cvjetko, P; Cvjetko, I; Pavlica, M 
2010 
1 
Arhiv za Higijenu Rada i Toksikologiju / Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
ISSN: 0004-1254
EISSN: 1848-6312 
61 
1 
111-119 
English 
20338874 
WOS:000276313800013 
Thallium is a naturally occurring trace element, widely distributed in the earth's crust, but at very low concentrations. It does not have a known biological use and does not appear to be an essential element for life. It has been considered one of the most toxic heavy metals.Occasionally, there are reports on thallium poisoning as results of suicide or murder attempt or accident. The main threat to humans is through occupational exposure, environmental contamination, and accumulation in food, mainly in vegetables grown on contaminated soil. Increasing use in emerging new technologies and demanding high-tech industry constantly raise concern about exposure risk to all living organisms. Thallium is considered a cumulative poison that can cause adverse health effects and degenerative changes in many organs. The effects are the most severe in the nervous system. The exact mechanism of thallium toxicity still remains unknown, although impaired glutathione metabolism, oxidative stress, and disruption of potassium-regulated homeostasis may play a role. The lack of data about mutagenic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic effects of thallium compounds in humans calls for further research.