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4082614 
Journal Article 
Formation of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone and 4-hydroxy-2(or 5)-ethyl-5(or 2)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone through Maillard reaction based on pentose sugars 
Blank, I; Fay, LB 
1996 
Yes 
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
ISSN: 0021-8561
EISSN: 1520-5118 
44 
2 
531-536 
WOS:A1996TW70800025 
The caramel-like smelling compounds 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF) and 4-hydroxy-2(or 5)-ethyl-5(or 2)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (HEMF) were identified by GC-MS and GC-MS/MS in Maillard reaction systems based on pentoses. The reaction was performed in a phosphate buffer by heating xylose, ribose, or arabinose with glycine or L-alanine at 90 degrees C for 1 h. HEMF was detected in the system pentose/alanine. HDMF was formed in both pentose/glycine and pentose/alanine systems as well as directly from pentoses. Experiments using C-13-labeled glycine and alanine suggest the incorporation of the Strecker degradation products formaldehyde and acetaldehyde into the pentose moiety, forming the furanones HDMF and HEMF, respectively. The presence of C-12-HDMF, which was approximately 30% of the total HDMF amount found in xylose/glycine, indicates that HDMF is partly formed by sugar fragmentation. The proposed mechanism for the formation of the furanones is based on decomposition of the Amadori compound via 2,3-enolization, chain elongation by the Strecker aldehydes, and reduction of the resulting acetylformoin-type intermediates to the target molecules. 
Maillard reaction; pentose model system; 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone; 4-hydroxy-2(or 5)-ethyl-5(or 2)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone; GC-MSIMS