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4093707 
Journal Article 
Optic nerve hypoplasia in North America: a re-appraisal of perinatal risk factors 
Garcia-Filion, P; Fink, C; Geffner, ME; Borchert, M 
2010 
Yes 
Acta Ophthalmologica
ISSN: 1755-375X
EISSN: 1755-3776 
88 
5 
527-534 
English 
19141149 
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe and clarify the birth and prenatal characteristics of a large cohort of children with optic nerve hypoplasia.

METHODS: This is a descriptive report of 204 patients aged </= 36 months and enrolled in a prospective study at the Children's Hospital Los Angeles. Birth characteristics, including complications, were abstracted from study files and medical records. Systematic maternal interviews were conducted to obtain detailed prenatal histories. National birth data were used for comparison with birth findings.

RESULTS: Birth characteristics were unremarkable for birthweight and gestation, but significant for increased frequency of caesarean delivery and fetal and neonatal complications. Young maternal age and primaparity were dominating maternal features. Preterm labour, gestational vaginal bleeding, low maternal weight gain and weight loss during pregnancy were prevalent.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm young maternal age and primaparity as associated risk factors, challenge many other suggested factors such as alcohol and drug abuse, and introduce potentially significant prenatal characteristics such as maternal weight loss and early gestational vaginal bleeding as aetiological correlates.