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4103743 
Journal Article 
Accumulative radial-forward extrusion (ARFE) processing as a novel severe plastic deformation technique (Retracted article. See vol. 30, pg. 3887, 2016) 
Jafarzadeh, H; Babaei, A 
2014 
Yes 
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
ISSN: 1738-494X
EISSN: 1976-3824 
28 
6 
2337-2341 
WOS:000338119100037 
has retraction 4821674 Accumulative Radial-Forward Extrusion (ARFE) processing as a novel severe plastic deformation technique (Retraction of vol 28, pg 2337, 2014)
A novel severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique entitled accumulative radial-forward extrusion (ARFE) is introduced for producing ultra-fine grained bulk materials. This method is based on radial-forward extrusion process because of inherent capabilities for imposing extremely high plastic strains on material. ARFE was applied to AA1050 and the ability of this process in significant grain refinement is determined even after single cycle. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination showed ultra-fine grains (UFGs) with the average grain size of 450 nm after one cycle of ARFE. Furthermore, micro-hardness distribution through the part's section indicates the hardness increase to similar to 52 Hv from the initial value of similar to 28 Hv after one cycle of ARFE. In order to further investigate of the accumulated strains, ARFE process was also numerically modelled by finite element method. 
Accumulative; FEM; Grain; Microhardness; Microstructure; Strain