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4143010 
Journal Article 
Epidemiology of Myelodysplastic Syndromes 
Madry, K; Dwilewicz-Trojaczek, J; Jedrzejczak, WW 
2009 
Yes 
Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine
ISSN: 1230-025X 
18 
5 
415-424 
English 
WOS:000273291700001 
The pathobiology, diagnosis, and novel therapeutic approaches of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have attracted increasing interest during the last decade. The crude annual incidence of MDS is 3.2-12.4/100,000. An incidence of 24.5/100,000 was estimated among those older than 70 years. At that age, MDS is probably the most frequent hematological malignant disease. In contrast to earlier expectations, there was no increase in MDS incidence in 1991-2001. The main reason for the rise in incidence in previous years was the increasing frequency of bone marrow examinations in elderly patients. There are some epidemiological and clinical differences between Asian and Western myelodysplastic syndrome cases. Cigarette smoking, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and exposure to benzene, solvents, and other toxic factors have been linked with increased risk of MDS. Familial MDS is scarce. Large multi-institutional studies are necessary to assess the incidence and risk factors for MDS (Adv Clin Exp Med 2009, 18, 5, 415-424). 
myelodysplastic syndromes; epidemiology; incidence; risk factors