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4158916 
Book/Book Chapter 
Chapter 40 - Brominated flame retardants 
Kodavanti, PRS; Szabo, DT; Stoker, TE; Fenton, SE 
2011 
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology
ISSN: 978-0-12-804239-7 
Academic Press 
San Diego, CA 
Reproductive and developmental toxicology 
523-541 
English 
WOS:000318575300041 
is a chapter of 2849992 Reproductive and developmental toxicology
This chapter discusses some aspects of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in general, which belong to a large class of compounds known as organohalogens. BFRs are currently the largest marketed flame retardant group due to their high-performance efficiency and low cost. They can be highly persistent, bioaccumulative and cause adverse effects in humans and wildlife. The main focus of this chapter is on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with some mention of other BFRs. PBDE residues have been detected in indoor air, house dust and foods. Increasing concentrations are being detected in the environment and in tissue/milk samples of humans and animals Other exposure routes are oral – both via breast milk, fat-containing foods, hand to mouth activity, etc. The ability of the PBDEs to act as endocrine disruptors or reproductive toxicants has raised new concerns about the possible effects on human reproductive and nervous system development. A number of other studies have since shown that adult exposures to BFRs can also disrupt androgen homeostasis and thereby alter the function of male reproductive organs. PBDEs have been reported to have a variety of female reproductive effects in animal models for human disease. With regard to toxicokinetics, all three groups of predominant BFRs—TBBPA, HBCD and PBDE—have been discussed. Many rodent studies have confirmed that developmental exposure to these compounds should be limited. 
1st 
Gupta, RC 
9780123820327