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4222151 
Book/Book Chapter 
Non-proliferative lesions of the kidney and lower urinary tract in rats 
Hard, GC; Alden, CL; Bruner, RH; Frith, CH; Lewis, RM; Owen, RA; Krieg, K; Durchfield-Meyer, B 
1999 
STP/ARP/AFIP 
Washington, D.C. 
Guides for Toxicologic Pathology 
1-32 
English 
is related to other part(s) 2919046 Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat and mouse urinary system
The purpose of this guide is to present a standardized classification of the non-proliferative lesions of the urinary system that can be readily used by the toxicologic pathologist. The urinary system in all mammalian species, including the rat, is represented hy the kidney and lower urinary tract. The lower urinary tract is comprised of the ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. ln addition to excretion of the waste products of metabolism, the functions of the kidney include elaboration of hormones, selected metabolic activities, and body homeostasis such as control of water volume, electrolyte concentration, and low-molecular-weight protein turnover. The primary function of the lower urinary tract is the transport of urine from the renal pelvis through the ureters to the urinary bladder where it is stored until eliminated. The urethra serves as a conduit for excretion of urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior.