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4285604 
Journal Article 
Biodegradation of IMX-101 explosive formulation constituents: 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), and nitroguanidine 
Richard, T; Weidhaas, J 
2014 
Yes 
Journal of Hazardous Materials
ISSN: 0304-3894
EISSN: 1873-3336 
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV 
AMSTERDAM 
280 
372-379 
English 
25181681 
WOS:000344428700044 
Defense agencies are increasingly using insensitive munitions (IM) in place of explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. In this study simultaneous aerobic degradation of the IMX-101 formulation constituents 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), and nitroguanidine (NQ) was observed and degradation products were examined. Degradation products over four days of incubation included: nitrourea, 1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The enrichment culture maximum specific growth rate of 0.12h(-1) and half saturation constant of 288 mg L(-1) during degradation of IMX-101 as a sole nitrogen source suggest that enrichment culture growth kinetics may closely relate to those of other explosive and nitroaromatic compounds. 
2,4-Dinitroanisole; Biodegradation; Enrichment culture; Insensitive munition; Nitroguanidine