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HERO ID
4305897
Reference Type
Journal Article
Subtype
Review
Title
Redox Regulation of Homeostasis and Proteostasis in Peroxisomes
Author(s)
Walker, CL; Pomatto, LCD; Tripathi, DN; Davies, KJA
Year
2018
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Physiological Reviews
ISSN:
0031-9333
EISSN:
1522-1210
Volume
98
Issue
1
Page Numbers
89-115
Language
English
PMID
29167332
DOI
10.1152/physrev.00033.2016
Web of Science Id
WOS:000424096200004
Abstract
Peroxisomes are highly dynamic intracellular organelles involved in a variety of metabolic functions essential for the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids, d-amino acids, and many polyamines. A byproduct of peroxisomal metabolism is the generation, and subsequent detoxification, of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, particularly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Because of its relatively low reactivity (as a mild oxidant), H2O2has a comparatively long intracellular half-life and a high diffusion rate, all of which makes H2O2an efficient signaling molecule. Peroxisomes also have intricate connections to mitochondria, and both organelles appear to play important roles in regulating redox signaling pathways. Peroxisomal proteins are also subject to oxidative modification and inactivation by the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species they generate, but the peroxisomal LonP2 protease can selectively remove such oxidatively damaged proteins, thus prolonging the useful lifespan of the organelle. Peroxisomal homeostasis must adapt to the metabolic state of the cell, by a combination of peroxisome proliferation, the removal of excess or badly damaged organelles by autophagy (pexophagy), as well as by processes of peroxisome inheritance and motility. More recently the tumor suppressors ataxia telangiectasia mutate (ATM) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), which regulate mTORC1 signaling, have been found to regulate pexophagy in response to variable levels of certain reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. It is now clear that any significant loss of peroxisome homeostasis can have devastating physiological consequences. Peroxisome dysregulation has been implicated in several metabolic diseases, and increasing evidence highlights the important role of diminished peroxisomal functions in aging processes.
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