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4428186 
Journal Article 
EFFECT OF DIOLS AS CO-SURFACTANTS IN PARTIAL TERNARY PHASE BEHAVIOUR OF PALM OIL-BASED MICROEMULSIONS 
Ismail, AR; Suhaimi, H; Ismail, R; Abu Hassan, H 
2011 
23 
1146-1152 
WOS:000300460700005 
Microemulsions (mu E) were prepared with palm fatty acid methyl esters (PFAME) as solvents, and stabilised by ethoxylated non-ionic surfactants, i.e., Dehydol LS 7 and Dehydol LS 2 as S-A and S-B with the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values at similar to 12.8 and similar to 7.3, respectively. The co-surfactants chosen were 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,2-ethanediol and glycerol. The effects of the co-surfactants on the partial ternary phase diagrams were studied at 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 40% (w/w) concentrations. The ratio of PFAME to water was either 25:75 or 50:50. The mixtures were agitated vigorously, and then kept at ambient temperature (25 degrees C) for one to two days. The emulsions (two-phase), the mu E and liquid crystalline phases were observed using polarised light. In addition, the physical stability of the mu E solutions was determined at 45 degrees C over a period of one month. The effects of the co-surfactants on the ternary phase systems for PFAME/non-ionic surfactants/water were studied and mapped out at 25 degrees C and 45 degrees C, respectively. 
household and industrial applications; non-toxic co-surfactants; microemulsions (mu E); palm fatty acid methyl esters 
OPPT
• 1,2-Hexanediol
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