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4474309 
Journal Article 
Effect of the use of the microalga Spirulina maxima as fish meal replacement in diets for tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), fry 
Olvera-Novoa, MA; Dominguez-Cen, LJ; Olivera-Castillo, L; Martinez-Palacios, CA 
1998 
Yes 
Aquaculture Research
ISSN: 1355-557X
EISSN: 1365-2109 
29 
10 (October 1998) 
709-715 
WOS:000077356400003 
The present study addresses the use of the microalga Spirulina maxima as a protein source in diets for tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), fry. Animal protein was replaced with algae protein at ratios of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, and the substitution effect was compared with a control diet in which fish meal was the sole protein. An additional 100% spirulina protein diet was supplemented with phosphorous to test for possible mineral deficiency in the plant-protein-based diet. The six treatments were tested in triplicate in a closed-recirculating system where the fish were fed by hand at 6% of their body weight. After a 9-week feeding period, the growth rate and protein utilization of fish fed the diet with 20% and 40% Spirulina were elevated and not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those fed the control diet. Further increases in the alga protein content significantly decreased the growth and feeding performance. The addition of P to the 100% Spirulina diet slightly improved performance in comparison to the same diet without P. None of the treatments produced any clear adverse effects on carcass composition. It is observed that Spirulina can replace up to 40% of the fish meal protein in tilapia diets. 
Nutritional requirements; Fry; Feeding experiments; Proteins; Aquaculture; Food conversion; Fish culture; Nutrient requirements; Feeds; Oreochromis mossambicus; Spirulina maxima; Freshwater