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4491490 
Journal Article 
Biogas production from llama and cow manure at high altitude 
Alvarez, R; Villca, S; Liden, G 
2006 
1 
Biomass and Bioenergy
ISSN: 0961-9534 
Elsevier 
30 
1 
66-75 
WOS:000234530200007 
Methane production from llama and cow manures from the Bolivian high plateau (The "Altiplano") was studied using a parallel reactor set-up consisting of 10 lab-scale biogasifiers. The effects of pressure (495 and 760 mmHg), temperature (11 and 35 degrees C), hydraulic retention time (20 and 50 days), and manure content in the slurry (10%, 20% and 50%) were evaluated with respect to productivity and methane yields based on two 2(4-1) fractional factorial designs with 8 treatments for each kind of manure. The reactors were operated semi-continuously with daily manure feeding for periods between 50 and 100 days. Temperature was the main factor effect found, and the hydraulic retention time and the manure content in feed were also found significant whereas the effect of pressure was not significant in the range studied. The methane yield obtained with cow manure at 11 degrees C was between 6.4 and 33.61 CH4 kg(-1) VS (volatile solids added) whereas at 35 degrees C the methane yield was between 49.6 and 131.31 CH4 kg(-1) VS. The methane yield from llama manure was somewhat lower than for cow manure (between 3.3 and 19.31 CH4 kg(-1) VS at 11 degrees C and between 35.6 and 84.11 CH4 kg(-1) VS at 35 degrees C, respectively). However, overall llama manure was found to be the best raw material of the two for biogas production, due to its high content of volatile solid-higher than has been previously reported for most manures-and also its high nitrogen and phosphorous content. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 
anaerobic digestion; cow manum; llama manure; high altitude