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4641823 
Journal Article 
Selective conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene using germanium talc as catalyst 
Akiyama, S; Miyaji, A; Hayashi, Y; Hiza, M; Sekiguchi, Y; Koyama, T; Shiga, A; Baba, T 
2018 
Yes 
Journal of Catalysis
ISSN: 0021-9517
EISSN: 1090-2694 
359 
184-197 
WOS:000426233700020 
Preparation conditions of the germanium talc catalyst, which selectively produces 1,3-butadiene in the conversion of ethanol, were investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the reaction variables on the rate and selectivity of 1,3-butadiene formation was examined at 673 K. The electronic properties of the germanium talc were elucidate by O-1s, Mg-2p, and Ge-3d X-ray photoelectron measurements, while the atomic charges of these atoms were estimated by DR' calculations. Subsequently, the role of the oxygen atoms on the surface of the germanium talc to produce 1,3-butadiene was discussed on the basis of the afforded results. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 
Butadiene production; Germanium talc catalyst; Ethanol conversion