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4691543 
Journal Article 
Background Estimation and Distribution of Anthropogenic Input of Cadmium in Arable Land Soil 
Wang, D 
2014 
Yes 
Asian Journal of Chemistry
ISSN: 0970-7077
EISSN: 0975-427X 
ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 
SAHIBABAD 
26 
17 
5773-5776 
WOS:000343769500102 
Obtaining accurate cadmium background concentrations in arable land soil is important because it can identify the anthropogenic Cd input distribution and realistically set the guiding level for remediation. In this study, four methods were applied, including the Iterative-2 sigma technique, 95 % upper confidence limit (UCL0.95), accumulative frequency plot and GM+2GSD (geometric mean + 2 x geometric standard) in order to estimate the Cd background concentrations in Hainan Island's arable land soil. In a comparative analysis, using the GM+2GSD method is ideal for estimating the background Cd concentrations since it does not consider the hypothetical distribution functions like UCL0.95. A concentration of 75 mu g kg(-1) was accepted as the Cd background concentration in arable land soils. The distribution of anthropogenic Cd inputs was obtained by subtracting the background concentrations from an existing spatial distribution of Cd. Rapid urbanization and excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been attributed to the anthropogenic Cd input of Hainan's arable land soil. 
Cadmium; Background; Iterative-2 sigma technique; 95 % upper confidence limit; Hainan