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4719544 
Journal Article 
Carboxylic-group distribution of carboxylated acrylate copolymer latexes with their properties in the presence of acrylic acid and monobutyl itaconate 
Xie, Jin; Lu, D; Zhao, Q; Yuan, T; Guan, R 
2012 
1 
Polymers for Advanced Technologies
ISSN: 1042-7147 
WILEY 
HOBOKEN 
23 
6 
929-937 
WOS:000303497700001 
A series of carboxylated acrylate copolymer latexes were prepared via two different emulsion polymerization technologies with different carboxylic-group distribution and morphologies. The effects of the emulsifier, the initiator, and the carboxylic monomers [acrylic acid (AA) or monobutyl itaconate (MBI)] on the total conversion of the monomers and the properties of acrylate latexes and films have been investigated. The distribution of carboxylic groups (-COOH) measured by conductometric titration shows that the concentration of surface COOH (Cs) and embedded COOH (Cb) both increase with the increase of the amount of carboxylic monomers. For the latexes containing AA, COOH tends to distribute on the surface of latex particles and in the aqueous phase, whereas COOH tends to concentrate inside the core of latex particles for the latexes containing MBI. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that the latex particles are regular with narrow size distribution and have significant differences in morphologies when different carboxylic monomers and polymerization technologies were used. The stability of latex is satisfactory through the results of common stability and zeta potential tests. Moreover, the water absorption and contact angle experiment tests also revealed that the water resistance of the latex films is good. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 
acrylate latex; carboxylic-group distribution; morphology; stabilization; emulsion polymerization