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4723557 
Journal Article 
Physical and chemical toughening of cardanol-based vinyl ester resin using CTBN: A study on spectral, thermal and morphological characteristics 
Garg, MS; Srivastava, K; Srivastava, D 
2015 
1 
Progress in Organic Coatings
ISSN: 0300-9440 
78 
307-317 
WOS:000347754000040 
Cardanol-based vinyl ester resin (CVER) was blended with varying concentrations of Carboxyl terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) ranging between 0 and 15 wt% with an interval increment of 5 wt%, by two different approaches, viz., physical and chemical blending. The formation of various products during the curing of blend samples has been studied by FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The dynamic DSC scans showed that the blend samples of CVERs cured in the temperature range of 100-150 degrees C. It was observed that the blend sample containing 5 wt% and 10 wt% liquid rubber, for physical and chemical blending, respectively, showed least cure time, at 120 C, amongst all other blend samples. On evaluation, it was found that in toughened samples thermal and mechanical properties were marginally affected with the increase of CTBN concentration. The blend morphology, studied by scanning electron microscopy analysis, showed the presence of precipitated discrete rubber particles which dispersed throughout the vinyl ester matrix, i.e., they revealed the presence of two phase morphology. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 
Cardanol; Toughening; CTBN; DSC; TGA; SEM