US EPA

4725739 

Journal Article 

Elastomer composites containing layered fillers and hydroxyapatities 

Lipinska, M; Zaborski, M; Pietrasik, J; Masek, A 

2012 

535-538 

WOS:000391247800142 

Traditionally, as a filler of rubber carbon black is used. It is an active filler able to reinforce and improve the properties of finished rubber products. For ecological and economic reasons the research activity is focused on looking for new methods of surface modification of inactive fillers to enhance their strengthening performance in elastomers. In our work as a filler of elastomeric compounds a cation-exchangeable aluminosilicates-type montmorillonites with nanometric thickness of the tiles were used. This type of the filler can be used to obtain nanocomposites due to produce nanoscopic structures in situ" in polimer matrix by intercalation and exfoliation of single layers of filler [1].



Montmorillonites are incompatible with most polymers and therefore is necessary to modify them in order to increase layer-spacing and to facilitate the penetration of polymer chains [2]. The modification involves introducing various organic cations in place of sodium cation present between layers. Most commonly used for this purpose are ammonium or phosphonium salts. Modification increases the distance between the packages in the filler, and also due to adsorption of modifier on the surface increases the affinity to elastomeric matrix. In our work as a modyfing agent the ionic liquids were used. Surface properties of modified fillers, the zeta potential of suspended solids in the water, the oil absorption number, the impact of modifications on the tendency to agglomerate in the non polar and polar medium were investigateded.



As a elastomer fillers also hydroxyapatites were used. There are legal requirements and environmental pressures to resolve the problem of the waste disposal by finding new applications for the products or byproducts obtained from waste streams. The meat industry makes a significant contribution to the volume of organic wastes produced per year. Identification of new applications for the components of these waste streams is an open issue of increasing importance. In our work the physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatite obtained from animal bones as well as the properties of the elastomer-hydroxyapatite composites were studied.



The modified fillers were used in two type of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, carboxylated XNBR and hydrogenated one HNBR. The effect of the application of fillers on the cross-linking density of the vulcanizates, rheometric and mechanical properties of filled systems was investigated. The ageing studies (thermal, atmospheric and under UV radiations) were conducted. 

layered silicates; intercalated composites; hydroxyapatities; elastomers