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4726097 
Journal Article 
Synthesis of Adipic Acid, 1,6-Hexanediamine, and 1,6-Hexanediol via Double-n-Selective Hydroformylation of 1,3-Butadiene 
Mormul, J; Breitenfeld, Jan; Trapp, O; Paciello, R; Schaub, T; Hofmann, P 
2016 
ACS Catalysis
ISSN: 2155-5435 
2802-2810 
A method for the synthesis of the industrially relevant monomers adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol (HDO), and 1,6-hexanediamine (HMD) via isomerizing hydroformylation of 1,3-butadiene is described. The aldehyde intermediates are protected in situ as acetals to avoid hydrogenation to pentanal. Adipic aldehyde diacetal is obtained in good yields, and the first examples for the conversion toward adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1,6-hexanediamine are shown. 
hydroformylation; 1,3-butadiene; adipic aldehyde; acetal; adipic acid; 1,6-hexanediol; hexamethylenediamine; rhodium