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HERO ID
4775374
Reference Type
Journal Article
Subtype
Review
Title
The emerging risk of exposure to air pollution on cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease - Evidence from epidemiological and animal studies
Author(s)
Kilian, J; Kitazawa, M
Year
2018
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Biomedical Journal
ISSN:
2319-4170
EISSN:
2320-2890
Publisher
Elsevier
Volume
41
Issue
3
Page Numbers
141-162
Language
English
PMID
30080655
DOI
10.1016/j.bj.2018.06.001
Web of Science Id
WOS:000440683500002
URL
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2319417018300805
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Abstract
As incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases rise, there is increasing interest in environmental factors which may contribute to disease onset and progression. Air pollution has been known as a major health hazard for decades. While its effects on cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality have been extensively studied, growing evidence has emerged that exposure to polluted air is associated with impaired cognitive functions at all ages and increased risk of AD and other dementias in later life; this association is particularly notable with traffic related pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, black carbon, and small diameter airborne solids and liquids known as particulate matter. The exact mechanisms by which air pollutants mediate neurotoxicity in the central nervous system (CNS) and lead to cognitive decline and AD remain largely unknown. Studies using animal and cell culture models indicate that amyloid-beta processing, anti-oxidant defense, and inflammation are altered following the exposure to constituents of polluted air. In this review, we summarize recent evidence supporting exposure to air pollution as a risk for cognitive decline at all ages and AD at later lifetime. Additionally, we review the current body of work investigating the molecular mechanisms by which air pollutants mediate damage in the CNS. Understanding of the neurotoxic effects of air pollution and its constituents is still limited, and further studies will be essential to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking air pollution and cognitive decline.
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