US EPA

4883 

Journal Article 

Tobacco use, occupation, coffee, various nutrients, and bladder cancer 

Howe, GR; Burch, JD; Miller, AB; Cook, GM; Esteve, J; Morrison, B; Gordon, P; Chambers, LW; Fodor, G; Winsor, GM 

1980 

Yes 

Journal of the National Cancer Institute
ISSN: 0027-8874
EISSN: 1460-2105 

IPA/80/404019 

64 

REF 

701-713 

English 

6928984 

WOS:A1980JM16800002 

IPA COPYRIGHT: ASHP The relation between the development of bladder cancer and cigarette smoking, occupational exposure, exposure to nonpublic water supplies, coffee consumption, nitrite containing food, hair dyes, phenacetin, aspirin and artificial sweeteners were studied in 480 male and 152 female case control pairs. The relative risk for development of bladder cancer for ever used versus never used cigarettes was 3.9 for males and 2.4 for females, with a dose-response relationship in both sexes. A reduced risk was associated with the use of filter cigarettes compared to nonfilter cigarettes. After control for cigarette usage, a significant risk was noted for male pipe smokers. Bladder cancer risk was found for workers in the chemical, rubber, photographic, petroleum, medical, and food processing industries among males and for workers occupationally exposed to dust or fumes among both sexes. Bladder cancer risk was elevated for males consuming all types of coffee. Increased risk was found for males consuming water from nonpublic supplies but not for females. No risk was observed in males or females consuming nitrite-containing foods. Hair dye usage in females and phenacetin usage in males and females carried no increased risk. Divergent findings for aspirin suggested that an overall association was not causal. Reevaluation of the data on artificial sweeteners confirmed a significant bladder cancer risk in males and a dose-response relationship. It was concluded that attributable risk for bladder cancer was 90% for males from cigarette smoking, industrial exposure, and exposure to nonpublic water supplies and 29% for females from cigarette smoking, industrial exposure, and instant coffee consumption.