US EPA

4923908 

Journal Article 

CELLULAR TOXICITY OF MALACHITE GREEN AND LEUCOMALACHITE GREEN EVALUATED ON TWO RAT CELL LINES BY MTT, NRU, LDH, AND PROTEIN ASSAYS 

Radko, L; Minta, M; Stypula-Trebas, S 

2011 

Yes 

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy
ISSN: 0042-4870 

55 

2 

347-353 

WOS:000292488900031 

The cytotoxicity of malachite green (MG) and its major metabolite, leucomalachite green (LMG) was investigated using rat FaO and L6 cell lines. Eight concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 mu M (MG) and 10 to 1,000 mu M (LMG) were tested in three independent experiments. Four cytotoxicity assays were applied in which various biochemical endpoints were assessed: mitochondria! activity (MTT assay), proliferation (total protein content assay), lysosomal activity (neutral red uptake assay), and membrane integrity (LDH leakage assay). The mean effective concentrations (EC(50)) were calculated from the dose-response curves after 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure. The concentration- and time- dependent effects were observed. MG was very toxic and FaO cells were more sensitive than L6 cells. EC(50) values were <10 mu M in MTT, NRU, LDH tests (in Fa cells), and in NRU, MTT (in L6 cells) indicating that the primary mechanism of toxicity is inhibition of mitochondrial and lysosomal activity. The LMG gave only slight toxic effect at the hundreds times higher concentrations, with the exception of NRU assay for which EC(50) values after 48 and 72 h exposure were very low (<10 mu M). 

malachite green; leucomalachite green; cell culture; cytotoxicity