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501039 
Journal Article 
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor increases interferon-tau protein secretion in bovine trophectoderm cells 
Michael, DD; Wagner, SK; Ocon, OM; Talbot, NC; Rooke, JA; Ealy, AD 
2006 
Yes 
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology
ISSN: 1046-7408
EISSN: 1600-0897 
56 
1 
63-67 
English 
Problem Uterine-derived factors are required for optimal conceptus development and secretion of the maternal recognition of pregnancy factor, interferon-tau (IFN-tau). Identifying these factors may lead to the development of schemes for increasing pregnancy success in cattle. Method of Study The objectives were to examine the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) on trophectoderm proliferation rates and IFN-tau production, and verify the appropriateness of using an in vitro model of bovine trophectoderm (CT-1 cell). Results Rate of [H-3]-thymidine incorporation into DNA was increased by supplementation of CT-1 medium with 10 or 100 ng/mL porcine (po) GM-CSF. GM-CSF supplementation to CT-1 medium also increased IFN-tau secretion. When results were normalized to account for number of CT-1 cells, 10 and 100 ng/mL poGM-CSF increased antiviral activity and IFN-tau concentrations (using an IFN-tau-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in CT-1 conditioned medium compared with controls. Conclusions These findings indicate that GM-CSF increases proliferation and IFN-tau production in bovine trophectoderm. 
cytokine; embryo; growth factor; placenta; pregnancy; trophoblast interferon; gm-csf; expression; embryos; enhancement; pregnancy; conceptus; invitro; genes; sheep