Jump to main content
US EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Search
Search
Main menu
Environmental Topics
Laws & Regulations
About EPA
Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)
Contact Us
Print
Feedback
Export to File
Search:
This record has one attached file:
Add More Files
Attach File(s):
Display Name for File*:
Save
Citation
Tags
HERO ID
5024248
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Adsorption behavior and mechanism of emerging perfluoro-2-propoxypropanoic acid (GenX) on activated carbons and resins
Author(s)
Wang, Wei; Maimaiti, A; Shi, H; Wu, R; Wang, Run; Li, Z; Qi, D; Yu, G; Deng, S
Year
2019
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Chemical Engineering Journal
ISSN:
1385-8947
Volume
364
Page Numbers
132-138
DOI
10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.153
Web of Science Id
WOS:000458504800014
Abstract
As a typical alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoro-2-propoxypropanoic acid (GenX) has been detected worldwide in aquatic environment and attracted great concerns recently, but their adsorptive removal from water is not clear. In this study, the adsorption behavior and mechanism of GenX on granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon (PAC), anion-exchange resins (IRA400 and IRA67) were compared. The particle size of activated carbon (AC) affected the initial adsorption rate but exhibited little influence on the adsorption capacity for GenX. The initial adsorption kinetics of GenX on the three granular adsorbents (GAC, IRA67 and IRA400) followed the intraparticle diffusion-controlled adsorption. IRA67 had the highest adsorption capacity of 3.22 mmol/g for GenX, higher than IRA400 (2.78 mmol/g) and much higher than the two ACs (0.79 mmol/g). When GenX was co-removed with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in competitive system, the adsorbed amounts of GenX on the four adsorbents decreased significantly, and adsorbed GenX was replaced by PFOA with increasing time. The small adsorbent size could speed up the replacement process, and the polyamine group on the resins was more prone to producing this effect than the quaternary ammonium group. PAC was more suitable for GenX removal at low pH, while IRA400 was better used at high solution pH. The spent AC and resins were successfully regenerated in the ethanol and NaCl solution, respectively, and their regeneration efficiency was significantly enhanced in hot water. The adsorption mechanisms including anion exchange, electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction were involved in the GenX adsorption.
Keywords
GenX; Activated carbon; Anion-exchange resin; Adsorption; Competitive adsorption; Adsorption mechanism
Tags
PFAS
•
Expanded PFAS SEM (formerly PFAS 430)
Perfluorooctane
Ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoate
•
GenX Chemicals (CASRN 13252-13-6 and CASRN 62037-80-3)
LitSearch - GenX: July 2017 - Feb 2019
WoS
LitSearch GenX Ammonium Salt: Feb 2018 - Feb 2019
WoS
•
PFOA (335-67-1) and PFOS (1763-23-1)
Literature Search Update (2013-2019)
WOS
Home
Learn about HERO
Using HERO
Search HERO
Projects in HERO
Risk Assessment
Transparency & Integrity