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5026954 
Book/Book Chapter 
Environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA) of lubricants 
Bart, JanCJ; Gucciardi, E; Cavallaro, S; Bart, JCJ; Gucciardi, E; Cavallaro, S 
2013 
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy 
46 
527-564 
WOS:000333842800012 
Lubricants impact on the environment from raw material extraction to manufacturing, usage and disposal or reuse. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is utilised for evaluation of the environmental impacts of energy and material flows throughout the product life. Several comprehensive LCAs have compared mineral oil-based and bio-based lubricants, reporting varying conclusions. Environmental savings of biolubricants are more apparent at a local level than at a global scale. Negative impacts mainly stem from their agricultural production and performance in the use phase. LCAs should be used in industrial product design of biolubricants. Sustainable development indicators also consider the socio-economic impact of a product. Optimised lubricants determine significant energy savings. 
life-cycle assessment (LCA); environmental impact; product design; sustainable development; energy efficient lubricants 
Other
• Third Biofuels Report to Congress
          20% to 30%
          20% to 30%