US EPA

5038407 

Journal Article 

Review 

Developmental neurotoxicity of succeeding generations of insecticides 

Abreu-Villaça, Y; Levin, ED 

2017 

1 

Environment International
ISSN: 0160-4120
EISSN: 1873-6750 

Elsevier Ltd 

99 

55-77 

English 

27908457 

10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.019 

WOS:000394062700005 

Insecticides are by design toxic. They must be toxic to effectively kill target species of insects. Unfortunately, they also have off-target toxic effects that can harm other species, including humans. Developmental neurotoxicity is one of the most prominent off-target toxic risks of insecticides. Over the past seven decades several classes of insecticides have been developed, each with their own mechanisms of effect and toxic side effects. This review covers the developmental neurotoxicity of the succeeding generations of insecticides including organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and neonicotinoids. The goal of new insecticide development is to more effectively kill target species with fewer toxic side effects on non-target species. From the experience with the developmental neurotoxicity caused by the generations of insecticides developed in the past advice is offered how to proceed with future insecticide development to decrease neurotoxic risk. 

Development; Neonicotinoids; Neurotoxicity; Organochlorines; Organophosphates; Pyrethroids: carbamates; Organic compounds; Development; Neonicotinoids; Neurotoxicity; Organochlorines; Organophosphates; Pyrethroids; Insecticides; 1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethylene; 1,2,3,6 tetrahydro 1 methyl 4 phenylpyridine; aldicarb; bendiocarb; carbamate insecticide; carbaril; carbofuran; chlorphenotane; dinutefuran; insecticide; methiocarb; methomyl; neonicotinoid; oxamyl; propoxur; pyrethroid; pyrophosphate; tetraethyl pyrophosphate; thiodicarb; unclassified drug; insecticide; neurotoxin; organophosphate; pyrethroid; neonicotinoid pesticide; neurology; nontarget organism; organochlorine pesticide; toxicity; attention deficit disorder; bioaccumulation; blood brain barrier; breast milk; cell function; cell proliferation; cell survival; cohort analysis; in vitro study; lipophilicity; locomotion; nerve cell differentiation; neurotoxicity; nonhuman; oxidative stress; Review; risk factor; animal; drug effects; embryology; growth, development and aging; human; nervous system; Hexapoda; Animals; Humans; Insecticides; Nervous System; Neurotoxins; Organophosphates; Pyrethrins