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5038492 
Journal Article 
Effects of treatments with Apivar((R)) and Thymovar((R)) on V-destructor populations, virus infections and indoor winter survival of Canadian honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies 
Al Naggar, Y; Tan, Y; Rutherford, C; Connor, W; Griebel, P; Giesy, JP; Robertson, AJ 
2015 
Yes 
Journal of Apicultural Research
ISSN: 0021-8839 
54 
5 
548-554 
WOS:000380152100017 
Efficacies of two miticides, Apivar((R)) and Thymovar((R)), were evaluated as a fall treatment against V. destructor. The effect of treatment with miticides was further evaluated by monitoring both viral load and rate of indoor overwintering survival of colonies of European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in the vicinity of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Forty-five colonies were randomly assigned to three treatment groups with 15 hives per group: Group 1; 2 strips of Thymovar((R)) (thymol); Group 2; 2 strips of Apivar((R)) (Amitraz); and Group 3; no treatment (control). Significant decreases in the rates of colony infestation (Mites per hundred bees, MPHB) by V. destructor were observed (p<0.05) between colonies of bees treated with Apivar((R)) in October 2013 when compared to control colonies. Efficacy of Apivar((R)) and Thymovar((R)) against V. destructor after treatment for 22days were 76.5 and 26.7%, respectively. After 22days, concentrations of the two miticides in bees were 15.4ng amitraz/g wet mass (wm) and 64,800ng thymol/g wm. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the percentage of colonies infected by deformed wing virus (DWV) and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) either before or after treatment with Apivar((R)) or Thymovar((R)) in October 2013 and 7months post treatment in April 2014. Only the Apivar((R)) treatment group showed IAPV infections in April 2014. The group treated with Apivar((R)) exhibited a better overwintering rate of survival (93%), than hives treated with Thymovar((R)) (67%). These results suggest volatile miticides like Thymovar((R)) should be avoided in geographical areas with colder fall temperatures. 
miticide residues; deformed wing virus (DWV); Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV); colony failure; survival 
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