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5063090 
Book/Book Chapter 
Recovery of Zn and Mn from Spent Alkaline Batteries 
Ye, G; Magnusson, M; Vaananen, P; Tian, Y 
2018 
Minerals Metals & Materials Series 
329-341 
WOS:000451214300034 
The most used technology for recycling of spent alkaline batteries consists of crushing, magnetic separation and processing of the nonmagnetic fraction, black mass, using a rotary kiln. In the process only zinc is recovered and all manganese in the black mass is lost. According to the EU regulation for recycling of batteries, more than 50% of batteries should be recovered. To meet the demand, Swerea MEFOS has together with a major battery recycler IsoLogistics in Finland and Sweden developed technologies for efficient recovery of zinc and manganese aiming for > 50% recovery. This paper will focus on a treatment process using a DC furnace to produce a ZnO-and a MnO-product. The process has been demonstrated in pilot scale, 1 ton/h. The major outcomes will be highlighted. Another approach by using thermal vacuum technology for distillation of zinc metal has also been demonstrated in laboratory scale which is also reported in this paper. 
Spent alkaline batteries; Recovery; Recycling; Zinc; Manganese; DC furnace; Black mass