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5063672 
Journal Article 
Advanced 3Y-TZP bioceramic doped with Al2O3 and MnO2 particles potentially for biomedical applications: study on mechanical and degradation properties 
Ragurajan, D; Golieskardi, M; Satgunam, M; Hoque, MdE; Ng, AMinH; Ghazali, MJ; Ariffin, AK 
2018 
7 
4 
432-442 
WOS:000451551200004 
The effectiveness of Al2O3 and MnO2 in enhancing mechanical properties and retarding degradation of 3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (3Y-TZP) ceramic samples was evaluated by pressureless sintering at temperatures ranging from 1250 degrees C to 1550 degrees C with standard holding time of 2 h. It was observed that the inclusion of Al2O3 and MnO2 into 3Y-TZP was beneficial for the improvement of mechanical properties and ageing resistance. The optimum amounts of dopants were determined to be of 0.6 wt% Al2O3 and 0.4 wt% MnO2. Microstructural investigation revealed that at the same temperature, the tetragonal grain size was not influenced by the increase of dopant levels. With optimum dopants the 3Y-TZP ceramic (density 6.1 g/cm3) samples demonstrated the Vickers hardness of 11.6 GPa, fracture toughness, Kic of 9.8 MPa m1/2, flexural strength of 900 MPa and Young's modulus of 210 GPa. Furthermore, the efficacy of the dopants (MnO2 and Al2O3) in retarding low-temperature degradation of 3Y-TZP ceramic during exposure in Ringer's solution at 37 degrees C was also evaluated. Overall, the degradation rate and weight loss of 0.6 wt% Al2O3 and 0.4 wt% MnO2 ceramic samples were 0.66% in 8 weeks as compared to the undoped samples. The 3Y-TZP bioceramic doped with Al2O3 and MnO2 could be a potential candidate material for biomedical applications (e.g. hip implants) due to its improved mechanical properties and superior ageing resistance. (C) 2018 Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license creativecommondorghicensesiby-nc-nd/4.0/). 
Bioceramic; 3Y-TZP; Mechanical properties; Degradation; Ringer's solution; Hip implant